Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is observed in approximately 5-7% of women of reproductive age. This syndrome can lead to complaints such as irregular menstruation, increased hair growth, weight gain, acne, hair loss, and infertility due to the absence of ovulation. Some or all of these symptoms may be present in affected individuals.

The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to certain genes. The onset of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in a woman’s life has not been precisely determined. Some studies suggest that it begins in the womb, while others suggest it starts during adolescence.

In PCOS, the development of the egg cell, which begins maturing from the first day of the menstrual cycle, is interrupted, and it cannot reach a sufficient size to rupture. The failure of the egg to mature and rupture results in an incomplete hormonal cycle required for menstruation, leading to delayed menstruation and hormonal imbalances. The primary event that gives rise to the symptoms of the disease is the excessive secretion of the male hormone, androgen, instead of the dominant estrogen hormone in women.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Symptoms

  1. Irregular Menstruation:
    • The normal menstrual cycle for a woman ranges from 28 to 35 days. Occasional menstrual delays of 1 or 2 times a year are considered normal, but if menstrual periods last more than 35 days and occur more than 3 times a year, it is necessary to investigate the presence of hormonal disorders.
  2. Increased Hair Growth:
    • Increased hair growth results from the excessive production of the male hormone, testosterone, due to “unfinished follicles.” In women with PCOS, increased hair growth most commonly occurs on the chin and upper lip. In more advanced cases, it can appear between the breasts, on the nipples, and on the abdomen. The severity of excessive hair growth is related to the degree of hormonal disturbance caused by the disease.
  3. Acne:
    • The development of acne on the face and body is again related to excessive oiliness of the skin due to androgens. If there is oilier and more acne-prone skin than usual during adolescence or if skin problems persist after adolescence, it should raise suspicions of hormonal imbalances.
  4. Hair Loss:
    • Increased levels of male hormones in women with PCOS can lead to hair loss, particularly in the frontal and temporal regions.
  5. Weight Gain:
    • Obesity is one of the most significant problems for women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obesity is defined as having a body weight that is more than 20% above the ideal body weight. While PCOS can occur in thin women, approximately 75% of women with PCOS are obese.
  6. Infertility:
    • PCOS is the most common cause of infertility in women. Since the underlying cause of infertility in these patients is ovulation problems, ovulation treatment is usually the first option.

Please note that the content provided is for informational purposes only, and you should consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Content Update Date: December 26, 2022